but Ecuador. it has to include the possessive: "As a result of his having eaten the cake."partly not partially which means being inclined to favour one person or party: though partially sighted Parliament but parliamentary Foreign parliaments are lc partner: never to be used in the sense of a person's heterosexual co-habitee unless every other option looks absurd Use boy/girlfriend lover mistress etc Now that we have civil partnerships the term "civil partner" may be used about those who have undergone this legal ceremony with a member of the same sex "Partner" may be used for a professional or business relationship part-time Party (I): in the names of specific political parties it takes the cap P The Labour Party the Conservative Party but "all the parties were agreed" party (II): its use as a verb (they partied until dawn) is ugly payout Pc: cap P lc c Strictly speaking there are no WPcs now They are women Pcs but WPc may be used in heads PCBs: polychlorinated biphenyls Pearl Harbor: thus peddler/pedlar: use drug peddler (or trafficker) reserving pedlar for the more traditional meaning people not persons Pepsi-Cola per cent does not take a point Prefer seven in 10 people to 70 per cent of people percentage point is an Americanism If interest rates rise from four to five per cent most people will see that as a rise of one per cent: technically it is a rise of 25 per cent hence the technical use of "one percentage point" To avoid either irritation or confusion simply state the rise as "from four to five per cent" or describe the rise or fall in terms of basis points: a rise in rates from four to four and three-quarter per cent is a rise of 75 basis points"Perestroika perfume: use scent perk is acceptable for perquisite Pernod personnel: avoid and use people or employees Perspex: trade name needs cap P; never use generically (See ) Peterhouse Cambridge is never Peterhouse College Pfeiffer Michelle Philips: the electrical firm takes one l Phillips the auctioneers Phillips Peter and Zara pidgin English: not pigeon Piggott Lester Pinocchio pit bull Pimm's Piper-Heidsieck pistol is preferred to handgun Say if possible if it is a revolver or an automatic The two are frequently confused and are not interchangeable (See ) Play-Doh PlayStation plc is not to be routinely used after company names though is of course permissible in technical contexts in describing the structure of companies plurals: follow the Concise Oxford Dictionary or Chambers unless there is a contrary ruling in this style book Keep up with the Joneses Rogerses Charleses by refusing to use the Jones' Proper names ending in -y do not end -ies in the plural (the Marys Trilbys lay-bys zlotys) The Germanies are an exception Words ending in -a take the usual -s in the plural except: alga alumna formula lamina larva papilla which take an -ae plural -ex and -ix endings become -ices only in appendices calices cortices helices radices Indices only in mathematics and science Indexes hexes -is in words from Greek and Latin becomes -es: analyses axes oases Words ending in -o take -s (not -es) except: goes heroes noes potatoes salvoes (but salvos for excuses or reservations) tomatoes tornadoes (but Tornados for the aircraft) torpedoes vetoes volcanoes Virtuosos solos sopranos but normally -o words of Italian origins used mainly in the arts take -i in the plural -um in words from Latin becomes -a except for: referendums compendiums craniums emporiums mediums (but media as in mass media) memorandums rostrums stadiums -us in words from Latin becomes -i only in: alumni bacilli bronchi cacti calculi foci (only in certain rare scientific terms) fungi gladioli loci narcissi nuclei radii stimuli termini Opus becomes opera The normal form is geniuses etc Do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of a set of initials (MPs not MP's) Poets' Corner pointless prepositions and other appendages: meet with is perhaps the most egregious example but there is also sell off tie up free up fence off close down fuse together infringe upon duck down send off (a letter) rifle through sell off shut up (a building) and so on ad nauseam Always ask whether your preposition is really necessary Nor does this always require a verb: "up until" is an abomination as are "outside of" and "inside of" police ranks: Commander Chief Supt Supt Chief Insp Insp Sgt (Police Sgt if necessary to avoid confusion) Pc Mr Mrs or Miss may be used in second references to people above the rank of inspector Dc Det Sgt Det Insp Det Chief Insp etc possessives: Nouns ending in -s add 's in the normal way (lass's Charles's St James's Square) To form the plural possessive add an apostrophe to the -s of the plural (the lasses' The Joneses' dog) Names ending in -es pronounced -iz are treated as plurals (Bridges' Moses') Jesus' is often found in biblical and liturgical use and should not be altered in quotations but Jesus's is now normally preferred Note the exception in for goodness

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